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摘要：本文研究了低速滚珠丝杠直线运动的特性和优化设计方法，针对滚珠丝杠在低速直线运动时可能出现的旋转不稳定性、噪声和摩擦等问题，提出了一些解决方案和优化方法。首先，介绍了滚珠丝杠的工作原理和结构特点，分析了其运动特性和优缺点。然后，研究了滚珠丝杠在低速直线运动时可能出现的旋转不稳定性、噪声和摩擦等问题，并提出了相应的解决方案和优化方法。最后，通过数值模拟和实验验证，证明了所提出的解决方案和优化方法的有效性和可行性。 关键词：低速滚珠丝杠；直线运动；旋转不稳定性；噪声；摩擦；优化设计 Abstract: This paper studies the characteristics and optimization design methods of low-speed ball screw linear motion. In view of the possible problems of rotation instability, noise and friction of ball screws during low-speed linear motion, some solutions and optimization methods are proposed. Firstly, the working principle and structural characteristics of ball screw are introduced, and its motion characteristics and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Then, the possible problems of rotation instability, noise and friction of ball screw during low-speed linear motion are studied, and corresponding solutions and optimization methods are proposed. Finally, through numerical simulation and experimental verification, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed solutions and optimization methods are demonstrated. Keywords: low-speed ball screw; linear motion; rotation instability; noise; friction; optimization design.